This is not the latest approved version of this apprenticeship. View the latest version

This revised version of this apprenticeship standard and EPA plan has been agreed and is available for information only at present. Further details of this and other apprenticeship standards in revision are available in the revisions and adjustments status report

This apprenticeship is in revision

Key information

  1. Status: In development
  2. Ticked Proposal approved
    Ticked Occupational standard approved
    Ticked End-point assessment plan approved
    Unticked Funding approved
  3. Reference: ST0494
  4. Level: 3
  5. Typical duration to gateway: 18 months
  6. Typical EPA period: 4 months
  7. Route: Protective services
  8. Date updated: 28/05/2024
  9. Lars code: 496
  10. EQA provider: Institute for Apprenticeships and Technical Education
  11. Example progression routes:
  12. Review: this apprenticeship will be reviewed in accordance with our change request policy.
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Details of the occupational standard

Occupation summary

This occupation is found in the Probation Service. The Probation Service is responsible for working to protect the public and reduce reoffending by working with individuals eligible for probation support at pre-sentence, or on probation, or in custody or with victims. Practitioners can be based in a variety of locations, including prisons, courts, approved premises, unpaid work, interventions teams or community-based offices and depending on their location, they will work with individuals due to be sentenced, people on probation or victims.

 

The broad purpose of the occupation is to protect the public by contributing to risk assessments that reduce re-offending, safeguard victims and rehabilitate individuals eligible for probation support, through effective engagement and interventions. Risk assessments can be conducted in relation to those who come before courts accused of offending behaviour, individuals convicted of offending behaviour and assessment of risk towards victims. These assessments may take the form of formal documents or may be as part of day-to-day engagement with individuals eligible for probation support.

 

Probation service practitioners will work with individuals eligible for probation support and other agencies to develop, deliver and review realistic plans to address needs and develop for individuals a route out of offending. This may include providing information and advice to courts such as sentencing recommendations, supervising people on probation subject to community sentences and custody, working in approved premises where individuals are required to reside if they are subject to specific sentencing requirements, working to supervise individuals sentenced to complete unpaid work in the community or delivering group interventions to deliver the sentences of the courts. The role may also include working directly with victims of crime to support them to access services and provide them with information about the progress of sentences imposed by the courts to protect them from further harm and offending behaviour.

 

Interventions delivered vary depending on the role and can cover a range of activities. This can include the completion of reports for a range of audiences, one to one intervention with individuals eligible for probation support, group interventions to reduce the risk of reoffending, provision of support and guidance and referrals to other agencies.

 

As a practitioner you need to be able to analyse complex information and make decisions, while being ready to listen and question things about people that others won’t. You’ll also need to understand and connect with people from all backgrounds and different situations.  

 

Consistent risk assessment, professional curiosity and liaison with other agencies are key factors in effective management and support of individuals eligible for probation support. The role will include regular engagement with other agencies and colleagues to prevent crime and meet the needs of individuals eligible for probation support.  

 

In their daily work, an employee in this occupation interacts with individuals eligible for probation support. People they work with may demonstrate a range of challenging behaviours and diverse needs, as such, the employee will need to demonstrate a range of engagement skills and the ability to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences. They will need to demonstrate empathy, help individuals to change behaviour and access support.  Employees will need to have good people skills and the ability to deal with challenges. They will also interact with colleagues and other agencies involved in the Criminal Justice system. The interaction will aid making assessments and delivering rehabilitative interventions. This ensures that the organisation is working to protect the public, as such, individuals will need to be able to alter communication appropriately for the audience. In this role the practitioner will typically report to a senior probation officer or equivalent other line manager.

 

An employee in this occupation will be responsible for providing sustained support, advice and supervision for individuals eligible for services from the probation service. They will work as part of a team to meet operational targets and will make ongoing assessments and responsive decisions based on an individual’s assessed risk of serious harm, reoffending and needs.

 

In line with probation service policies and procedures, the practitioner must at all times demonstrate a commitment to equality and inclusion and an understanding of the relevance of that to the work they do.

 

The practitioner must follow all policies relating to the sensitive or confidential nature of the information handled whilst working in this role and use computer base systems to produce, update and maintain records and other documentation within agreed timescales.

 

The practitioner will be required to maintain continuous professional development through out their employment and will be required to adhere to organisational ethics, vales and professional standards. 

Typical job titles include:

Community payback supervisor Domestic abuse safety officer Probation services officer Programmes facilitator Residential worker Victim liaison officer

Occupation duties

Duty KSBs

Duty 1 Complete risk assessments to inform risk management plans for individuals eligible for probation support and record findings in line with policy and practice.

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

B1 B4 B5

Duty 2 Develop and implement initial plans to reduce risk of reoffending and harm to the public.

K1 K3 K4 K6 K9 K10 K12 K20

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S17

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

Duty 3 Work with internal and external partner agencies to review the behaviours and progress of the individuals eligible for probation support.

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K7 K10 K14

S3 S7 S11 S12 S13 S19

B1 B3 B4

Duty 4 Manage risk to reduce reoffending behaviour and harm, responding to changes, in line with policy and procedures.

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 K9 K10 K12 K13 K15 K16 K19 K20

S1 S2 S3 S5 S6 S7 S13

B2 B4 B5

Duty 5 Apply public protection and safeguarding guidelines and procedures to protect the public from the risk of reoffending and harm.

K1 K2 K4 K5 K6 K10 K13 K19

S1 S2 S4 S5 S7 S10 S11 S12 S13

B1 B2 B3 B4

Duty 6 Engage and motivate individuals eligible for probation support to promote positive change.

K1 K2 K6 K8 K9 K11 K15 K16 K20

S7 S8 S9 S10 S12

B1 B2 B4 B5

Duty 7 Deliver interventions to meet the objectives of the risk management and sentence plans.

K1 K3 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 K13 K15 K16

S2 S4 S5 S7 S8 S9 S10 S13

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

Duty 8 Participate in continuous professional development.

K14 K18

S12 S14 S15

B3

Duty 9 Adhere to organisational processes and procedures for securely recording and maintaining information relating to individuals eligible for probation support.

K1 K2 K17

S3 S5 S6 S11 S15 S16 S17 S18

B3

Duty 10 Adhere to organisational ethics, values and professional standards.

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K8 K9 K11 K12 K13 K14 K15 K16 K17 K18 K19

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12 S13 S14 S15 S16 S17 S18 S19

B1 B2 B3 B4 B5

KSBs

Knowledge

K1: Sentencing and criminal justice legislation and organisational policies, procedures for probation practice. Back to Duty

K2: Principles and policies of equality, diversity and inclusion in the workplace and their impact on the organisation and individuals eligible for probation support. Back to Duty

K3: The importance of applying criminal justice legislation and organisational policies, procedures and values in practice with individuals eligible for probation support, and the risk of not doing so. Back to Duty

K4: The role of probation and rehabilitation in the criminal justice system. Back to Duty

K5: How organisations work collaboratively to support individuals eligible for probation support to reduce the risk of reoffending and harm. Back to Duty

K6: The importance of gathering information and where to gather that information from to inform risk assessments. Back to Duty

K7: How information is used for different risk assessment approaches. Back to Duty

K8: The impact of an individual's personal circumstances on risk of reoffending and harm and the importance of including them in risk assessments. Back to Duty

K9: The importance of assessing the impact and consequences of offending behaviour on the victim. Back to Duty

K10: How to reduce risk and raise concerns by identifying harm and abuse indicators and potential risk factors that may lead individuals eligible for probation support to harm themselves or others. Back to Duty

K11: Methods and approaches for effective engagement with individuals eligible for probation support including the principles of ‘person-centred approach’. Back to Duty

K12: The contextual aspects of risk including risk of what, to whom and circumstances in which risk is likely to be higher or lower. Back to Duty

K13: Roles and responsibilities of agencies working to protect the public, and how they apply to and collaborate with probation practitioner roles and responsibilities. Back to Duty

K14: Principles of team work to achieve outcomes. Back to Duty

K15: The interventions and their delivery methods that are available to help individuals eligible for probation support. Back to Duty

K16: Theories and techniques to promote engagement and how they support outcomes that reduce the risk of reoffending. Back to Duty

K17: Data protection legislation and organisational policies and procedures for gathering, using, storing data including sharing data with partner agencies. Back to Duty

K18: How to identify your own development needs and how to reflect on own practice. Back to Duty

K19: The principles of ‘duty of care’ and ‘safeguarding’, the signs of abuse and ways to reduce the risk of abuse. Back to Duty

K20: Research, evidence and theories that underpin knowledge on offending behaviour, desistence and reduction of harm. Back to Duty

Skills

S1: Complete risk assessments to inform judgement about risk of harm and reoffending and provide public protection. Back to Duty

S2: Devise interventions based on risk assessment to inform risk management plans. Back to Duty

S3: Gather valid and reliable information from sources to inform risk assessments. Back to Duty

S4: Use information to monitor progress of individual plans. Back to Duty

S5: Respond to any new information to manage and reduce risk of harm and risk of reoffending, posed by individuals subject to supervision, in accordance with organisational requirements. Back to Duty

S6: Record gathered information using digital tools, in line with data protection and security of information and adhering to organisational requirements. Back to Duty

S7: Present assessments of risk of harm, that inform risk of reoffending posed by individuals subject to supervision and plans to manage the risks, to stakeholders for implementation and review. Back to Duty

S8: Support individuals eligible for probation support to access probation services. Back to Duty

S9: Use reflection techniques to enable individuals eligible for probation support to identify their level of participation and progress. Back to Duty

S10: Use engagement and motivation techniques to support collaboration with individuals eligible for probation support, adapting approach to individual needs to effectively deal with a range of challenging behaviour. Back to Duty

S11: Adhere to public protection and safeguarding guidance and procedures. Back to Duty

S12: Build and sustain working relationships. Back to Duty

S13: Collaborate with colleagues and other agencies to share information about individuals eligible for probation support and review progress, in line with organisation policies. Back to Duty

S14: Follow organisational equality, diversity and inclusion policies. Back to Duty

S15: Maintain continuous professional development using reflective practice and completion of mandatory and required learning and development. Back to Duty

S16: Manage own workload, prioritising case management for those with most identified needs to reduce risk of harm and reoffending, posed by those subject to supervision. Back to Duty

S17: Use recorded servicer user information in line with organisations policy and processes to support delivery of services. Back to Duty

S18: Use escalation routes to resolve issues and concerns, in line with organisation requirements, in relation to areas of your work. Back to Duty

S19: Test professional assumptions using a range of sources to inform risk of harm and reoffending, posed by those subject to supervision. Back to Duty

Behaviours

B1: Demonstrate professional conduct, uphold organisational values, and professional boundaries. Back to Duty

B2: Demonstrate resilience and adaptability when dealing with challenge and changes. Back to Duty

B3: Seek support for own welfare. Back to Duty

B4: Demonstrate and encourage mutual respect, demonstrating inclusive practice and empathy to support individuals eligible for probation support. Back to Duty

B5: Listen actively in all interactions with individuals eligible for probation support and show respect whilst being able to validate, question and reflect on what is being said. Back to Duty

Qualifications

English and Maths

Apprentices without level 2 English and maths will need to achieve this level prior to taking the End-Point Assessment. For those with an education, health and care plan or a legacy statement, the apprenticeship’s English and maths minimum requirement is Entry Level 3. A British Sign Language (BSL) qualification is an alternative to the English qualification for those whose primary language is BSL.

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End-point assessment plan

Introduction and overview

This document explains the requirements for end-point assessment (EPA) for the probation service practitioner apprenticeship. End-point assessment organisations (EPAOs) must follow this when designing and delivering the EPA.

Probation service practitioner apprentices, their employers and training providers should read this document.

A full-time probation service practitioner apprentice typically spends 18 months on-programme. The apprentice must spend at least 12 months on-programme and complete the required amount of off-the-job training in line with the apprenticeship funding rules.

The EPA should be completed within an EPA period lasting typically 4 months.

The apprentice must complete their training and meet the gateway requirements before starting their EPA. The EPA will assess occupational competence.

An approved EPAO must conduct the EPA for this apprenticeship. Employers must work with the training provider to select an approved EPAO from the apprenticeship providers and assessment register (APAR).

This EPA has 2 assessment methods.

The grades available for each assessment method are below.

Assessment method 1 - professional discussion underpinned by portfolio:

  • fail
  • pass
  • distinction

Assessment method 2 - case study and presentation with questions:

  • fail
  • pass
  • distinction

The result from each assessment method is combined to decide the overall apprenticeship grade. The following grades are available for the apprenticeship:

  • fail
  • pass
  • merit
  • distinction

EPA summary table

On-programme - typically 18 months

The apprentice must:

  • complete training to develop the knowledge, skills and behaviours (KSBs) outlined in this apprenticeship’s standard
  • complete training towards English and mathematics qualifications in line with the apprenticeship funding rules

  • compile a portfolio of evidence

End-point assessment gateway

The apprentice’s employer must be content that the apprentice is occupationally competent.

The apprentice must:

  • confirm they are ready to take the EPA
  • have achieved English and mathematics qualifications in line with the apprenticeship funding rules

For the professional discussion underpinned by portfolio, the apprentice must submit a portfolio of evidence.

Gateway evidence must be submitted to the EPAO, along with any organisation specific policies and procedures requested by the EPAO.

End-point assessment - typically 4 months

The grades available for each assessment method are below

Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio:

  • fail

  • pass

  • distinction

Case study and presentation with questions:

  • fail

  • pass

  • distinction

Overall EPA and apprenticeship can be graded:

    • fail
    • pass
    • merit
    • distinction

Duration of end-point assessment period

The EPA is taken in the EPA period. The EPA period starts when the EPAO confirms the gateway requirements have been met and is typically 4 months.

The EPAO should confirm the gateway requirements have been met and start the EPA as quickly as possible.

EPA gateway

The apprentice’s employer must be content that the apprentice is occupationally competent. That is, they are deemed to be working at or above the level set out in the apprenticeship standard and ready to undertake the EPA. The employer may take advice from the apprentice's training provider, but the employer must make the decision. The apprentice will then enter the gateway.

The apprentice must meet the gateway requirements before starting their EPA.

They must:

  • confirm they are ready to take the EPA
  • have achieved English and mathematics qualifications in line with the apprenticeship funding rules

  • submit a portfolio of evidence for the professional discussion underpinned by portfolio

Portfolio of evidence requirements:

The apprentice must compile a portfolio of evidence during the on-programme period of the apprenticeship. It should only contain evidence related to the KSBs that will be assessed by the professional discussion. It will typically contain 12 discrete pieces of evidence. Evidence must be mapped against the KSBs. Evidence may be used to demonstrate more than one KSB; a qualitative as opposed to quantitative approach is suggested.

Evidence sources may include:

  • redacted work products including case management reports, risk assessment plans and system usage
  • management feedback from reflective sessions and observations
  • witness statements
  • a personal development plan

This is not a definitive list; other evidence sources can be included. The apprentice must ensure all work products are redacted in line with employer security policies.

The portfolio of evidence should not include reflective accounts or any methods of self-assessment. Any employer contributions should focus on direct observation of performance, for example, witness statements, rather than opinions. The evidence provided should be valid and attributable to the apprentice; the portfolio of evidence should contain a statement from the employer and apprentice confirming this.

The EPAO should not assess the portfolio of evidence directly as it underpins the discussion. The independent assessor should review the portfolio of evidence to prepare questions for the discussion. They are not required to provide feedback after this review.

Gateway evidence must be submitted to the EPAO, along with any organisation specific policies and procedures requested by the EPAO.

Order of assessment methods

The assessment methods can be delivered in any order.

The result of one assessment method does not need to be known before starting the next.

Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio

Overview

In the professional discussion, an independent assessor and apprentice have a formal two-way conversation. It gives the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this assessment method.

The apprentice can refer to and illustrate their answers with evidence from their portfolio of evidence.

Rationale

This assessment method is being used because:

  • it assesses KSBs holistically and objectively
  • it allows for the assessment of KSBs that do not occur on a predictable or regular basis
  • it allows for assessment of responses where there are a range of potential answers
  • it can be conducted remotely, potentially reducing cost

To ensure validity, reliability and authenticity, the questions related to the behaviours and skills must be based on evidence from the underpinning portfolio.

Delivery

The professional discussion must be structured to give the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this assessment method to the highest available grade.

An independent assessor must conduct and assess the professional discussion.

  • legislation policies, procedures and processes
  • equality and diversity
  • continuous professional development

The EPAO must give an apprentice 2 weeks' notice of the professional discussion.

The independent assessor must have at least 2 weeks to review the supporting documentation.

The apprentice must have access to their portfolio of evidence during the professional discussion.

The apprentice can refer to and illustrate their answers with evidence from their portfolio of evidence however, the portfolio of evidence is not directly assessed.

The professional discussion must last for 60 minutes. The independent assessor can increase the time of the professional discussion by up to 10%. This time is to allow the apprentice to respond to a question if necessary.

The apprentice may choose to end the assessment method early. The apprentice must be confident they have demonstrated competence against the assessment requirements for the assessment method. The independent assessor or EPAO must ensure the apprentice is fully aware of all assessment requirements. The independent assessor or EPAO cannot suggest or choose to end the assessment methods early. The EPAO is responsible for ensuring the apprentice understands the implications of ending an assessment early if they choose to do so. The independent assessor may suggest the assessment continues. The independent assessor must document the apprentice’s request to end the assessment early.

The independent assessor must ask at least 8 questions. The independent assessor must use the questions from the EPAO’s question bank or create their own questions in line with the EPAO’s training. Follow-up questions are allowed where clarification is required.

The independent assessor must make the grading decision.

The independent assessor must keep accurate records of the assessment. They must record:

  • the apprentice’s answers to questions
  • the KSBs demonstrated in answers to questions
  • the grade achieved 

Assessment location

The professional discussion must take place in a suitable venue selected by the EPAO for example, the EPAO’s or employer’s premises.

The professional discussion can be conducted by video conferencing. The EPAO must have processes in place to verify the identity of the apprentice and ensure the apprentice is not being aided.

The professional discussion should take place in a quiet room, free from distractions and influence.

Question and resource development

The EPAO must develop a purpose-built assessment specification and question bank. It is recommended this is done in consultation with employers of this occupation. The EPAO must maintain the security and confidentiality of EPA materials when consulting with employers. The assessment specification and question bank must be reviewed at least once a year to ensure they remain fit-for-purpose.

The assessment specification must be relevant to the occupation and demonstrate how to assess the KSBs mapped to this assessment method. The EPAO must ensure that questions are refined and developed to a high standard. The questions must be unpredictable. A question bank of sufficient size will support this.

The EPAO must ensure that the apprentice has a different set of questions in the case of re-sits or re-takes.

The EPAO must produce the following materials to support the professional discussion underpinned by portfolio:

  • independent assessor assessment materials which include:
    • training materials
    • administration materials
    • moderation and standardisation materials
    • guidance materials
    • grading guidance
    • question bank
  • EPA guidance for the apprentice and the employer

The EPAO must ensure that the EPA materials are subject to quality assurance procedures including standardisation and moderation.

Case study and presentation with questions

Overview

The case study and presentation with questions requires the apprentice to complete a real work case with an individual eligible for probation support, ensuring this meet the needs of the employer’s business making sure it is relevant to the apprentice’s occupation and apprenticeship.

This assessment method has 2 components:

· case study

· presentation with questions

The case study and presentation with questions must cover the following themes:

• risk assessment

• case management

• collaboration and communication

• engagement with individuals eligible for probation support

Rationale

This assessment method is being used because:

  • it provides the opportunity to use authentic workplace contexts which increases assessment validity in relation to the occupational role
  • it will contribute to the employer’s business and be part of the apprentices’ everyday work, ensuring that they can demonstrate KSBs in practice
  • it assesses understanding of a subject it assesses knowledge and skills that cannot be directly observed in practice
  • it allows the apprentice to directly demonstrate KSBs relating to communication and presentation
  • it allows for the presentation of evidence and testing of responses where there are a range of potential answers
  • it can be conducted remotely, reducing cost

Delivery

The case study and presentation with questions must be structured to give the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this assessment method to the highest available grade.

The case study and presentation will demonstrate collaborating with others which could include internal and external colleagues or experts. The apprentice must however, complete their case study and presentation with questions unaided and they must be reflective of their own role and contribution. The apprentice and their employer must confirm this when the case study and presentation materials are submitted.

An independent assessor must conduct and assess the case study and presentation with questions.

Component 1:

The case study must be structured to give the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this assessment method to the highest available grade.

The case study output will be written and must have a word count of 2500 words. A tolerance of 10% above or below is allowed at the apprentice’s discretion.

The case study must include:

• an introduction

• interventions delivered

• obstacles or challenges

• details of any planned work

• a summary

The apprentice must complete and submit the written case study to the EPAO by the end of week 8 of the EPA period.

Component 2:

The presentation with questions must be structured to give the apprentice the opportunity to demonstrate the KSBs mapped to this assessment method to the highest available grade.

The apprentice must prepare and deliver a presentation linked to the case study to an independent assessor. After the presentation, the independent assessor must ask the apprentice questions about their written case study and presentation.

The presentation must include:

an overview of the case

engagement activities with an individual eligible for probation support

collaborative decision making

summary of actions taken

outcomes, including impact on the organisation and wider sector

The purpose of the presentation is to allow the apprentice to demonstrate their competence against the grading descriptors..

The apprentice must submit any presentation materials to the EPAO by the end of week 8 of the EPA period. The apprentice must notify the EPAO, at that point, of any technical requirements for the presentation.

During the presentation, the apprentice must have access to:

  • audio-visual presentation equipment
  • flip chart and writing and drawing materials
  • computer

The independent assessor must have at least 2 weeks to review any presentation materials, before the presentation is delivered by the apprentice, to allow them to prepare questions. The EPAO must give the apprentice at least 10 days' notice of the presentation assessment.

The independent assessor must ask questions after the presentation.

The purpose of the questions is:

  • to seek clarification where required
  • to assess the level of competence against the grading descriptors

The presentation and questions must last 45 minutes. This will typically include a presentation of 20 minutes and questioning lasting 25 minutes. The independent assessor must use the full time available for questioning. The independent assessor can increase the total time of the presentation and questioning by up to 10%. This time is to allow the apprentice to complete their last point or respond to a question if necessary.

The apprentice may choose to end the assessment method early. The apprentice must be confident they have demonstrated competence against the assessment requirements for the assessment method. The independent assessor or EPAO must ensure the apprentice is fully aware of all assessment requirements. The independent assessor or EPAO cannot suggest or choose to end the assessment methods early. The EPAO is responsible for ensuring the apprentice understands the implications of ending an assessment early if they choose to do so. The independent assessor may suggest the assessment continues. The independent assessor must document the apprentice’s request to end the assessment early.

The independent assessor must ask at least 6 questions. They must use the questions from the EPAO’s question bank or create their own questions in line with the EPAO’s training. Follow up questions are allowed where clarification is required.

The independent assessor must make the grading decision. The independent assessor must assess the presentation and answers to questions holistically when deciding the grade.

The independent assessor must keep accurate records of the assessment. They must record:

  • the KSBs demonstrated
  • the apprentice’s answers to questions
  • the KSBs demonstrated in answers to questions
  • the grade achieved

Assessment location

The presentation with questions must take place in a suitable venue selected by the EPAO for example, the EPAO’s or employer’s premises. The presentation with questions should take place in a quiet room, free from distractions and influence.

Question and resource development

The EPAO must develop a purpose-built assessment specification and question bank. It is recommended this is done in consultation with employers of this occupation. The EPAO must maintain the security and confidentiality of EPA materials when consulting with employers. The assessment specification and question bank must be reviewed at least once a year to ensure they remain fit-for-purpose.

The assessment specification must be relevant to the occupation and demonstrate how to assess the KSBs mapped to this assessment method. The EPAO must ensure that questions are refined and developed to a high standard. The questions must be unpredictable. A question bank of sufficient size will support this.

The EPAO must ensure that the apprentice has a different set of questions in the case of re-sits or re-takes.

The EPAO must produce the following materials to support the case study and presentation with questions:

  • independent assessor EPA materials which include:
    • training materials
    • administration materials
    • moderation and standardisation materials
    • guidance materials
    • grading guidance
    • question bank
  • EPA guidance for the apprentice and the employer

The EPAO must ensure that the EPA materials are subject to quality assurance procedures including standardisation and moderation.

Grading

Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio

Theme
KSBs
Pass
Apprentices must demonstrate all of the pass descriptors
Distinction
Apprentices must demonstrate all of the pass descriptors and all of the distinction descriptors
Legislation, Policies, procedures and processes
K1 K3 K4 K5 K6 K13 K17 K19 S6 S11

Explains how they apply criminal justice legislation and organisational policies, procedures and values in their role and why this is important. (K1, K3, K4)

Explains how they identify and reduce the risks of abuse and apply the principles of duty of care and safeguarding to help protect those eligible for probation support and the public. (K19, S11)

Assesses the importance of collaborating with other agencies to support individuals eligible for probation support, and reduce the risk of reoffending and harm, explaining how they gather, store and share data in accordance with organisational procedures and general data protection legislation. (K5, K6, K13, K17, S6)

 

Evaluates the benefits of multi-agency partner collaboration for individuals eligible for probation support and in protection protecting of the public. (K5, S11)

Analyses the impact of criminal justice legislation and organisational policies, procedures and values in their role and the risks of not following these. (K1, K3)

 

Equality and diversity
K2 B1

Explains how they maintain professional boundaries and organisational values, including those relating to equality, diversity and inclusion, and how this benefits both the organisation and those eligible for probation support. (K2, B1)

 

 

None

Continual professional development
K18 S15 B3

Demonstrates how they reflect on their own practice and welfare needs in identifying and seeking support and maintaining continuous professional development in line with organisational requirements. (K18, S15, B3)

 

 

Explains how professional development has made a difference in their work. (K18, S15)

 

 

Case study and presentation with questions

Theme
KSBs
Pass
Apprentices must demonstrate all of the pass descriptors
Distinction
Apprentices must demonstrate all of the pass descriptors and all of the distinction descriptors
Risk assessment
K7 K8 K9 K10 K12 S1 S19

Explains the importance of including individuals eligible for probation support in risk assessment, and how they consider individual personal circumstances, identifying and mitigating risk of reoffending and harm in line with organisational procedures. (K8, K10)

Uses different approaches to complete information-based risk assessments when working with individuals eligible for probation support, informed by assessment of the impact and consequences of offending behaviour on the victim. (K7, K9, S1)

Discusses professional assumptions and how this can be challenged by using a range of sources, and how they have contextualised aspects of risk rating to predict risk of reoffending and harm. (K12, S19)

 

 

Evaluates the range of sources used to complete risk assessments to predict and reduce risk to reoffending and harm, including how harm and abuse indicators test their professional assumptions. (K10, S1, S19)

 

 

Case Management
K15 K20 S2 S4 S5 S16 S18 B2

Devises interventions using delivery methods in line with organisational processes and based on risk assessment to inform risk management plans to help individuals eligible for probation support. (K15, S2)

Manages own workload, using a range of information including offender behaviour theories to monitor and prioritise case management for those with most identified needs, to reduce risk of reoffending and harm. (K20, S4, S16)

Adapts plans and interventions in response to new information to reduce the risk of harm and reoffending, showing resilience when dealing with challenge and escalating to others in line with organisational policies. (S5, S18, B2)

 

 

Evaluates the extent to which their professional conduct, planning and the prioritising of agile interventions supports the rehabilitation of individuals eligible for probation support. (K15, S5, S16)

 

 

 

Collaboration and communication
K14 S3 S7 S12 S13

Discusses how they collaborate with colleagues and other agencies, adapting the principles of teamwork while validating using, recording, and sharing user information they have gathered to inform risk assessments in line with organisational policies. (K14, S3, S13)

 

Discusses examples of how working relationships have assisted when presenting assessments of risk or harm and reoffending to stakeholders, and how these have helped develop implement and review plans to manage risks. (S7, S12)

 

 

 

Justifies their communication approach when dealing with colleagues and other agencies, including how they build and sustain working relationships. (S7, S12, S13)

 

 

 

Engagement with individuals eligible for probation support
K11 K16 S8 S9 S10 S14 S17 B4 B5

Explains how they uphold the principles of an inclusive person centred approach for effective engagement with individuals in line with equality and diversity policies. (K11, S14, B4)

Uses engagement, motivation, and reflection techniques to enable those eligible for probation services to progress, adapting approach to deal with challenging behaviour and recording and reporting in line with organisational procedures. (K16, S9, S10, S17)

Uses active listening and questioning techniques to establish the needs of individuals eligible for probation support to help them access pre court, rehabilitation, and resettlement services. (S8, B5)

 

 

 

 

 

Evaluate the impact of their person-centred approach when engaging with individuals eligible for probation support, including how adapting their approach has contributed to successful outcomes for those individuals and their organisation. (K11, S10, S17, B5)

 

 

Overall EPA grading

Performance in the EPA determines the overall grade of:

  • fail

  • pass

  • merit

  • distinction

An independent assessor must individually grade the professional discussion underpinned by portfolio and case study and presentation with questions in line with this EPA plan.

The EPAO must combine the individual assessment method grades to determine the overall EPA grade.

If the apprentice fails one assessment method or more, they will be awarded an overall fail.

To achieve an overall pass, the apprentice must achieve at least a pass in all the assessment methods. To achieve an overall merit, the apprentice must achieve a pass in the professional discussion and a distinction in the case study and presentation with questions. To achieve an overall distinction grade the apprentice must achieve a distinction in both the professional discussion and the case study and presentation with questions.

Grades from individual assessment methods must be combined in the following way to determine the grade of the EPA overall.

Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio Case study and presentation with questions Overall Grading
Fail Any grade Fail
Any grade Fail Fail
Pass Pass Pass
Distinction Pass Pass
Pass Distinction Merit
Distinction Distinction Distinction

Re-sits and re-takes

If the apprentice fails one assessment method or more, they can take a re-sit or a re-take at their employer’s discretion. The apprentice’s employer needs to agree that a re-sit or re-take is appropriate. A re-sit does not need further learning, whereas a re-take does. The apprentice should have a supportive action plan to prepare for a re-sit or a re-take.

The employer and the EPAO should agree the timescale for a re-sit or re-take. A re-sit is typically taken within 2 months of the EPA outcome notification. The timescale for a re-take is dependent on how much re-training is required and is typically taken within 3 months of the EPA outcome notification.

If the apprentice fails the case study and presentation with questions assessment method, they must amend the case study and presentation output in line with the independent assessor’s feedback. The apprentice will be given 4 weeks to rework and submit the amended case study and presentation.

Failed assessment methods must be re-sat or re-taken within a 6-month period from the EPA outcome notification, otherwise the entire EPA will need to be re-sat or re-taken in full.

Re-sits and re-takes are not offered to an apprentice wishing to move from pass to a higher grade.

The apprentice will get a maximum EPA grade of if pass they need to re-sit or re-take one or more assessment methods, unless the EPAO determines there are exceptional circumstances.

Roles and responsibilities

Roles Responsibilities

Apprentice

As a minimum, the apprentice should:

  • complete on-programme training to meet the KSBs as outlined in the apprenticeship standard for a minimum of 12 months
  • complete the required amount of off-the-job training specified by the apprenticeship funding rules and as arranged by the employer and training provider
  • understand the purpose and importance of EPA
  • prepare for and undertake the EPA including meeting all gateway requirements

Employer

As a minimum, the apprentice's employer must:

  • select the training provider
  • work with the training provider to select the EPAO
  • work with the training provider, where applicable, to support the apprentice in the workplace and to provide the opportunities for the apprentice to develop the KSBs
  • arrange and support off-the-job training to be undertaken by the apprentice 
  • decide when the apprentice is working at or above the apprenticeship standard and is ready for EPA
  • ensure the apprentice is prepared for the EPA
  • ensure that all supporting evidence required at the gateway is submitted in line with this EPA plan
  • confirm arrangements with the EPAO for the EPA in a timely manner, including who, when, where
  • provide the EPAO with access to any employer-specific documentation as required for example, company policies
  • ensure that the EPA is scheduled with the EPAO for a date and time which allows appropriate opportunity for the apprentice to meet the KSBs
  • ensure the apprentice is given sufficient time away from regular duties to prepare for, and complete the EPA
  • ensure that any required supervision during the EPA period, as stated within this EPA plan, is in place
  • ensure the apprentice has access to the resources used to fulfil their role and carry out the EPA for workplace based assessments
  • remain independent from the delivery of the EPA
  • pass the certificate to the apprentice upon receipt

EPAO

As a minimum, the EPAO must:

  • conform to the requirements of this EPA plan and deliver its requirements in a timely manner
  • conform to the requirements of the apprenticeship provider and assessment register
  • conform to the requirements of the external quality assurance provider (EQAP)
  • understand the apprenticeship including the occupational standard and EPA plan
  • make all necessary contractual arrangements including agreeing the price of the EPA
  • develop and produce assessment materials including specifications and marking materials, for example mark schemes, practice materials, training material
  • maintain and apply a policy for the declaration and management of conflict of interests and independence. This must ensure, as a minimum, there is no personal benefit or detriment for those delivering the EPA or from the result of an assessment. It must cover:
    • apprentices
    • employers
    • independent assessors
    • any other roles involved in delivery or grading of the EPA
  • have quality assurance systems and procedures that ensure fair, reliable and consistent assessment and maintain records of internal quality assurance (IQA) activity for external quality assurance (EQA) purposes
  • appoint independent, competent, and suitably qualified assessors in line with the requirements of this EPA plan
  • appoint administrators, invigilators and any other roles where required to facilitate the EPA
  • deliver induction, initial and on-going training for all their independent assessors and any other roles involved in the delivery or grading of the EPA as specified within this EPA plan. This should include how to record the rationale and evidence for grading decisions where required
  • conduct standardisation with all their independent assessors before allowing them to deliver an EPA, when the EPA is updated, and at least once a year
  • conduct moderation across all of their independent assessors decisions once EPAs have started according to a sampling plan, with associated risk rating of independent assessors
  • monitor the performance of all their independent assessors and provide additional training where necessary
  • develop and provide assessment recording documentation to ensure a clear and auditable process is in place for providing assessment decisions and feedback to all relevant stakeholders
  • use language in the development and delivery of the EPA that is appropriate to the level of the apprenticeship
  • arrange for the EPA to take place in a timely manner, in consultation with the employer
  • provide information, advice, and guidance documentation to enable apprentices, employers and training providers to prepare for the EPA
  • confirm the gateway requirements have been met before they start the EPA for an apprentice
  • arrange a suitable venue for the EPA
  • maintain the security of the EPA including, but not limited to, verifying the identity of the apprentice, invigilation and security of materials
  • where the EPA plan permits assessment away from the workplace, ensure that the apprentice has access to the required resources and liaise with the employer to agree this if necessary
  • confirm the overall grade awarded
  • maintain and apply a policy for conducting appeals

Independent assessor

As a minimum, an independent assessor must:

  • be independent, with no conflict of interest with the apprentice, their employer or training provider, specifically, they must not receive a personal benefit or detriment from the result of the assessment
  • have, maintain and be able to evidence up-to-date knowledge and expertise of the occupation
  • have the competence to assess the EPA and meet the requirements of the IQA section of this EPA plan
  • understand the apprenticeship’s occupational standard and EPA plan
  • attend induction and standardisation events before they conduct an EPA for the first time, when the EPA is updated, and at least once a year
  • use language in the delivery of the EPA that is appropriate to the level of the apprenticeship
  • work with other personnel, where used, in the preparation and delivery of assessment methods
  • conduct the EPA to assess the apprentice against the KSBs and in line with the EPA plan
  • make final grading decisions in line with this EPA plan
  • record and report assessment outcome decisions
  • comply with the IQA requirements of the EPAO
  • comply with external quality assurance (EQA) requirements

Training provider

As a minimum, the training provider must:

  • conform to the requirements of the apprenticeship provider and assessment register
  • ensure procedures are in place to mitigate against any conflict of interest
  • work with the employer and support the apprentice during the off-the-job training to provide the opportunities to develop the KSBs as outlined in the occupational standard
  • deliver training to the apprentice as outlined in their apprenticeship agreement
  • monitor the apprentice’s progress during any training provider led on-programme learning
  • ensure the apprentice is prepared for the EPA
  • work with the employer to select the EPAO
  • advise the employer, upon request, on the apprentice’s readiness for EPA
  • ensure that all supporting evidence required at the gateway is submitted in line with this EPA plan
  • remain independent from the delivery of the EPA

Reasonable adjustments

The EPAO must have reasonable adjustments arrangements for the EPA.

This should include:

  • how an apprentice qualifies for a reasonable adjustment
  • what reasonable adjustments may be made

Adjustments must maintain the validity, reliability and integrity of the EPA as outlined in this EPA plan.

Special considerations

The EPAO must have special consideration arrangements for the EPA.

This should include:

  • how an apprentice qualifies for a special consideration
  • what special considerations will be given

Special considerations must maintain the validity, reliability and integrity of the EPA as outlined in this EPA plan.

Internal quality assurance

Internal quality assurance refers to the strategies, policies and procedures that an EPAO must have in place to ensure valid, consistent and reliable EPA decisions.

EPAOs for this EPA must adhere to the requirements within the roles and responsibilities table.

They must also appoint independent assessors who:

  • have recent relevant experience of the occupation to at least occupational level 3 gained in the last 3 years or significant experience of the occupation.

Value for money

Affordability of the EPA will be aided by using at least some of the following:

  • utilising digital remote platforms to conduct applicable assessment methods
  • using the employer’s premises
  • conducting assessment methods on the same day

Professional recognition

This apprenticeship is not aligned to professional recognition.

KSB mapping table

Knowledge Assessment methods
K1

Sentencing and criminal justice legislation and organisational policies, procedures for probation practice.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K2

Principles and policies of equality, diversity and inclusion in the workplace and their impact on the organisation and individuals eligible for probation support.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K3

The importance of applying criminal justice legislation and organisational policies, procedures and values in practice with individuals eligible for probation support, and the risk of not doing so.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K4

The role of probation and rehabilitation in the criminal justice system.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K5

How organisations work collaboratively to support individuals eligible for probation support to reduce the risk of reoffending and harm.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K6

The importance of gathering information and where to gather that information from to inform risk assessments.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K7

How information is used for different risk assessment approaches.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K8

The impact of an individual's personal circumstances on risk of reoffending and harm and the importance of including them in risk assessments.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K9

The importance of assessing the impact and consequences of offending behaviour on the victim.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K10

How to reduce risk and raise concerns by identifying harm and abuse indicators and potential risk factors that may lead individuals eligible for probation support to harm themselves or others.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K11

Methods and approaches for effective engagement with individuals eligible for probation support including the principles of ‘person-centred approach’.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K12

The contextual aspects of risk including risk of what, to whom and circumstances in which risk is likely to be higher or lower.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K13

Roles and responsibilities of agencies working to protect the public, and how they apply to and collaborate with probation practitioner roles and responsibilities.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K14

Principles of team work to achieve outcomes.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K15

The interventions and their delivery methods that are available to help individuals eligible for probation support.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K16

Theories and techniques to promote engagement and how they support outcomes that reduce the risk of reoffending.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
K17

Data protection legislation and organisational policies and procedures for gathering, using, storing data including sharing data with partner agencies.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K18

How to identify your own development needs and how to reflect on own practice.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K19

The principles of ‘duty of care’ and ‘safeguarding’, the signs of abuse and ways to reduce the risk of abuse.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
K20

Research, evidence and theories that underpin knowledge on offending behaviour, desistence and reduction of harm.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
Skill Assessment methods
S1

Complete risk assessments to inform judgement about risk of harm and reoffending and provide public protection.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S2

Devise interventions based on risk assessment to inform risk management plans.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S3

Gather valid and reliable information from sources to inform risk assessments.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S4

Use information to monitor progress of individual plans.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S5

Respond to any new information to manage and reduce risk of harm and risk of reoffending, posed by individuals subject to supervision, in accordance with organisational requirements.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S6

Record gathered information using digital tools, in line with data protection and security of information and adhering to organisational requirements.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
S7

Present assessments of risk of harm, that inform risk of reoffending posed by individuals subject to supervision and plans to manage the risks, to stakeholders for implementation and review.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S8

Support individuals eligible for probation support to access probation services.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S9

Use reflection techniques to enable individuals eligible for probation support to identify their level of participation and progress.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S10

Use engagement and motivation techniques to support collaboration with individuals eligible for probation support, adapting approach to individual needs to effectively deal with a range of challenging behaviour.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S11

Adhere to public protection and safeguarding guidance and procedures.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
S12

Build and sustain working relationships.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S13

Collaborate with colleagues and other agencies to share information about individuals eligible for probation support and review progress, in line with organisation policies.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S14

Follow organisational equality, diversity and inclusion policies.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S15

Maintain continuous professional development using reflective practice and completion of mandatory and required learning and development.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
S16

Manage own workload, prioritising case management for those with most identified needs to reduce risk of harm and reoffending, posed by those subject to supervision.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S17

Use recorded servicer user information in line with organisations policy and processes to support delivery of services.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S18

Use escalation routes to resolve issues and concerns, in line with organisation requirements, in relation to areas of your work.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
S19

Test professional assumptions using a range of sources to inform risk of harm and reoffending, posed by those subject to supervision.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
Behaviour Assessment methods
B1

Demonstrate professional conduct, uphold organisational values, and professional boundaries.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
B2

Demonstrate resilience and adaptability when dealing with challenge and changes.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
B3

Seek support for own welfare.

Back to Grading
Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio
B4

Demonstrate and encourage mutual respect, demonstrating inclusive practice and empathy to support individuals eligible for probation support.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions
B5

Listen actively in all interactions with individuals eligible for probation support and show respect whilst being able to validate, question and reflect on what is being said.

Back to Grading
Case study and presentation with questions

Mapping of KSBs to grade themes

Professional discussion underpinned by portfolio

KSBS GROUPED BY THEME Knowledge Skills Behaviour
Legislation, Policies, procedures and processes
K1 K3 K4 K5 K6 K13 K17 K19
S6 S11

Sentencing and criminal justice legislation and organisational policies, procedures for probation practice. (K1)

The importance of applying criminal justice legislation and organisational policies, procedures and values in practice with individuals eligible for probation support, and the risk of not doing so. (K3)

The role of probation and rehabilitation in the criminal justice system. (K4)

How organisations work collaboratively to support individuals eligible for probation support to reduce the risk of reoffending and harm. (K5)

The importance of gathering information and where to gather that information from to inform risk assessments. (K6)

Roles and responsibilities of agencies working to protect the public, and how they apply to and collaborate with probation practitioner roles and responsibilities. (K13)

Data protection legislation and organisational policies and procedures for gathering, using, storing data including sharing data with partner agencies. (K17)

The principles of ‘duty of care’ and ‘safeguarding’, the signs of abuse and ways to reduce the risk of abuse. (K19)

Record gathered information using digital tools, in line with data protection and security of information and adhering to organisational requirements. (S6)

Adhere to public protection and safeguarding guidance and procedures. (S11)

None

Equality and diversity
K2

B1

Principles and policies of equality, diversity and inclusion in the workplace and their impact on the organisation and individuals eligible for probation support. (K2)

None

Demonstrate professional conduct, uphold organisational values, and professional boundaries. (B1)

Continual professional development
K18
S15
B3

How to identify your own development needs and how to reflect on own practice. (K18)

Maintain continuous professional development using reflective practice and completion of mandatory and required learning and development. (S15)

Seek support for own welfare. (B3)

Case study and presentation with questions

KSBS GROUPED BY THEME Knowledge Skills Behaviour
Risk assessment
K7 K8 K9 K10 K12
S1 S19

How information is used for different risk assessment approaches. (K7)

The impact of an individual's personal circumstances on risk of reoffending and harm and the importance of including them in risk assessments. (K8)

The importance of assessing the impact and consequences of offending behaviour on the victim. (K9)

How to reduce risk and raise concerns by identifying harm and abuse indicators and potential risk factors that may lead individuals eligible for probation support to harm themselves or others. (K10)

The contextual aspects of risk including risk of what, to whom and circumstances in which risk is likely to be higher or lower. (K12)

Complete risk assessments to inform judgement about risk of harm and reoffending and provide public protection. (S1)

Test professional assumptions using a range of sources to inform risk of harm and reoffending, posed by those subject to supervision. (S19)

None

Case Management
K15 K20
S2 S4 S5 S16 S18
B2

The interventions and their delivery methods that are available to help individuals eligible for probation support. (K15)

Research, evidence and theories that underpin knowledge on offending behaviour, desistence and reduction of harm. (K20)

Devise interventions based on risk assessment to inform risk management plans. (S2)

Use information to monitor progress of individual plans. (S4)

Respond to any new information to manage and reduce risk of harm and risk of reoffending, posed by individuals subject to supervision, in accordance with organisational requirements. (S5)

Manage own workload, prioritising case management for those with most identified needs to reduce risk of harm and reoffending, posed by those subject to supervision. (S16)

Use escalation routes to resolve issues and concerns, in line with organisation requirements, in relation to areas of your work. (S18)

Demonstrate resilience and adaptability when dealing with challenge and changes. (B2)

Collaboration and communication
K14
S3 S7 S12 S13

Principles of team work to achieve outcomes. (K14)

Gather valid and reliable information from sources to inform risk assessments. (S3)

Present assessments of risk of harm, that inform risk of reoffending posed by individuals subject to supervision and plans to manage the risks, to stakeholders for implementation and review. (S7)

Build and sustain working relationships. (S12)

Collaborate with colleagues and other agencies to share information about individuals eligible for probation support and review progress, in line with organisation policies. (S13)

None

Engagement with individuals eligible for probation support
K11 K16
S8 S9 S10 S14 S17
B4 B5

Methods and approaches for effective engagement with individuals eligible for probation support including the principles of ‘person-centred approach’. (K11)

Theories and techniques to promote engagement and how they support outcomes that reduce the risk of reoffending. (K16)

Support individuals eligible for probation support to access probation services. (S8)

Use reflection techniques to enable individuals eligible for probation support to identify their level of participation and progress. (S9)

Use engagement and motivation techniques to support collaboration with individuals eligible for probation support, adapting approach to individual needs to effectively deal with a range of challenging behaviour. (S10)

Follow organisational equality, diversity and inclusion policies. (S14)

Use recorded servicer user information in line with organisations policy and processes to support delivery of services. (S17)

Demonstrate and encourage mutual respect, demonstrating inclusive practice and empathy to support individuals eligible for probation support. (B4)

Listen actively in all interactions with individuals eligible for probation support and show respect whilst being able to validate, question and reflect on what is being said. (B5)

Employers involved in creating the standard: HM Prison and Probation Service, Ministry of Justice

Version log

Version Change detail Earliest start date Latest start date Latest end date
Revised version awaiting implementation Not set Not set Not set
1.0 Approved for delivery 20/08/2019 Not set Not set

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